10,11-Dehydrocurvularin attenuates inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation / 中国天然药物

10,11-Dehydrocurvularin (DCV) is a natural-product macrolide that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activity. However, the underlying mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood. Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in diverse inflammation-related diseases, which should be controlled. The results showed that DCV specifically inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in association with reduced IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation, without effect on the NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Furthermore, DCV disturbed the interaction between NEK7 and NLRP3, resulting in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The C=C double bond of DCV was required for the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition induced by DCV. Importantly, DCV ameliorated inflammation in vivo through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which DCV suppresses inflammation, which indicates the potential role of DCV in NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory disorders.

Physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to analyze their relationship with core symptoms of ADHD.@*METHODS@#A total of 268 children who were newly diagnosed with ADHD in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June to December 2020 were included in the ADHD group, and 102 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Physical evaluations and dietary surveys were conducted for both groups. ADHD diagnosis and scoring were performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). Factor analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were used to study the relationship between core symptoms of ADHD, dietary patterns, and physical growth.@*RESULTS@#The rate of overweight/obesity in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.8% vs 21.6%, P<0.05). Three dietary patterns were extracted from the food frequency questionnaire: vegetarian dietary pattern, traditional dietary pattern, and snack/fast food pattern. The factor score for the snack/fast food pattern in the ADHD group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between ADHD symptom scores, snack/fast food pattern factor scores, and body fat percentage (P<0.05). The mediation analysis showed that the snack/fast food pattern played a partial mediating role in the relationship between ADHD symptom scores and body fat percentage, with a mediation proportion of 26.66%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rate of overweight/obesity in children with ADHD is higher than that in non-ADHD children. Core symptoms of ADHD are related to dietary patterns and physical growth, with the snack/fast food pattern playing a partial mediating role in the relationship between core symptoms of ADHD and physical growth.

Identification Strategy of Biological Half Sibling Relationship / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the application value of the likelihood ratio (LR) method and identity by state (IBS) method in the identification involving half sibling relationships, and to provide a reference for the setting of relevant standards for identification of half sibling relationship.@*METHODS@#(1) Based on the same genetic marker combinations, the reliability of computer simulation method was verified by comparing the distributions of cumulated identity by state score (CIBS) and combined full sibling index in actual cases with the distributions in simulated cases. (2) In different numbers of three genetic marker combinations, the simulation of full sibling, half sibling and unrelated individual pairs, each 1 million pairs, was obtained; the CIBS, as well as the corresponding types of cumulative LR parameters, were calculated. (3) The application value of LR method was compared with that of IBS method, by comparing the best system efficiency provided by LR method and IBS method when genetic markers in different amounts and of different types and accuracy were applied to distinguish the above three relational individual pairs. (4) According to the existing simulation data, the minimum number of genetic markers required to distinguish half siblings from the other two relationships using different types of genetic markers was estimated by curve fitting.@*RESULTS@#(1) After the rank sum test, under the premise that the real relationship and the genetic marker combination tested were the same, there was no significant difference between the simulation method and the results obtained in the actual case. (2) In most cases, under the same conditions, the system effectiveness obtained by LR method was greater than that by IBS method. (3) According to the existing data, the number of genetic markers required for full-half siblings and half sibling identification could be obtained by curve fitting when the system effectiveness reached 0.95 or 0.99.@*CONCLUSIONS@#When distinguishing half sibling from full sibling pairs or unrelated pairs, it is recommended to give preference to the LR method, and estimate the required number of markers according to the identification types and the population data, to ensure the identification effect.

Chemical constituents of Scrophulariae Radix and their antitumor activities in vitro / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the chemical constituents of Scrophulariae Radix and their antitumor activities in vitro. The compounds in the ethyl acetate extract were separated and purified by conventional column chromatographies(such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column) and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and their structures were identified by various spectral techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS). Twenty-three compounds were isolated and identified as benzyl-β-D-(3',6'-di-O-acetyl) glucoside(1), 5-O-p-methoxybenzoyl kojic acid(2), 5-O-methoxybenzoyl kojic acid(3), 7-O-methylbenzoyl kojic acid(4), 5-O-benzoyl kojic acid(5), methyl ferulate ethyl ether(6), trans-ferulic acid(7), trans-isoferulic acid(8), trans-caffeic acid(9), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester(10), caffeic acid ethyl ester(11), trans-cinnamic acid(12), trans-p-methoxycinnamic acid(13), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(14), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(15), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl) alcohol(16),(p-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid(17), coniferaldehyde(18), sinapaldehyde(19), benzyl β-primeveroside(20), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural(21), furan-2-carboxylic acid(22), and decanedioic acid(23). Among them, compound 1 is a new benzyl glucoside, compounds 2-4 are new pyranone compounds, compound 5 is a new natural product of pyranone. The NMR data of compounds 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. Compounds 6 and 20 were isolated from the Scrophularia plant for the first time. Compounds 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22, and 23 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of these compounds against three tumor cell lines(HepG2, A549, and 4 T1) were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 10 and 15 showed cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells with IC_(50) values of(19.46±0.48) μmol·L~(-1) and(46.10±1.21) μmol·L~(-1).

Analysis of the difference in esophageal flora between patients with esophageal carcinoma and healthy controls / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the esophageal microecology in patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), and to compare the difference in esophageal flora between patients with esophageal cancer and healthy people.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2019, at Taihe Hospital, 82 EC patients and 20 age-and gender-matched healthy controls during the same period were selected. The pathology of EC were divided into poorly differentiated (8 cases), moderately differentiated (9 cases) and well differentiated cancers (13 cases) according to the degree of differentiation. The esophageal tissue samples of EC patients and healthy individuals were collected. Sample DNA was extracted and the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing was performed by lllumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. Alpha-diversity analysis and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) were performed, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to screen different species. The random forest model was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the esophageal bacterial phenotype was predicted by BugBase database. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The Chao1 index of the EC patients was higher than that of healthy controls (362.51(284.29, 646.13) vs. 284.83(244.31, 344.74)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.857, P=0.004). The results of PCoA showed that the distance between samples of EC patients and healthy control samples was relatively close, and there was no significant difference in the composition of microecology between the two groups ( P>0.05). The abundance of esophageal Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia of EC patients were both higher than those of healthy controls (0.2% vs. 0.1%, 0.4% vs. 0), while the abundances of esophageal Proteobacteria, SR1 and TM7 phylum of EC patients were lower than those of healthy controls (21.9% vs. 34.2%, 0.1% vs. 0.2%, 0.2% vs. 0.5%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Q=0.090, 0.077, 0.010, 0.026 and 0.001, all P<0.05). The abundances of Clostridia, Elostridiales, Pasteurella, Pasteurellaceae, Eikenella, Actinobacillus and Haemophilus in poorly differentiated patients, moderately differentiated and higher differentiated patients were 28.3%, 24.2% and 17.0%, 28.3%, 24.2% and 17.0%, 3.2%, 0.3% and 5.0%, 3.2%, 0.3% and 5.0%, 0, 1.5% and 0.1%, 0.5%, 0 and 0.7%, 1.3%, 0.2% and 3.9%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Q=0.579, 0.557, 0.390, 0.711, 0.768, 0.768 and 0.768, all P<0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the abundances of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, Odorbacterium and S24_7 of EC patients were higher than those of healthy controls (21.5% vs. 11.7%, 0.5% vs. 0.1%, 0.1% vs. 0 and 0 vs. 0), and the differences were statistically significant (LDA=2.591, 2.379, 2.790 and 2.927, all P<0.05). The ROC curve confirmed that the random forest model was reliable and the AUC value was 0.92. BugBase database phenotypic prediction showed that the phenotype of esophageal bacteria related to biofilm formation, pathogenic potential, mobile elements, oxygen demand (aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria), and oxidative stress tolerance of EC patients were more abundant than those of healthy controls (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The esophageal flora of patients with esophageal cancer has changed. Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, Odoribacterium and S24_7 may be potential biomarkers of esophageal flora.

Calculation of the Probability Distribution of CIBS Score in Different Relationships and Its Application / 法医学杂志

Objective To derive the probability distribution formula of combined identity by state （CIBS） score among individuals with different relationships based on population data of autosomal multiallelic genetic markers. Methods The probabilities of different identity by state （IBS） scores occurring at a single locus between two individuals with different relationships were derived based on the principle of ITO method. Then the distribution probability formula of CIBS score between two individuals with different relationships when a certain number of genetic markers were used for relationship identification was derived based on the multinomial distribution theory. The formula was compared with the CIBS probability distribution formula based on binomial distribution theory. Results Between individuals with a certain relationship, labelled as RS, the probabilities of IBS=2, 1 and 0 occurring at a certain autosomal genetic marker x （that is, p2（RSx）, p1（RSx） and p0（RSx））, can be calculated based on the allele frequency data of that genetic marker and the probability of two individuals with the corresponding RS relationship sharing 0, 1 or 2 identity by descent （IBD） alleles （that is, φ0, φ1 and φ2）. For a genotyping system with multiple independent genetic markers, the distribution of CIBS score between pairs of individuals with relationships other than parent-child can be deducted using the averages of the 3 probabilities of all genetic markers （that is, p2（RS）, p1（RS） and p0（RS））, based on multinomial distribution theory. Conclusion The calculation of CIBS score distribution formula can be extended to all kinships and has great application value in case interpretation and system effectiveness evaluation. In most situations, the results based on binomial distribution formula are similar to those based on the formula derived in this study, thus, there is little difference between the two methods in actual work.

Increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with previous history / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The impacts of previous cardio-cerebrovascular disease (pre-CCVD) on the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are not well described. Patients with pre-CCVD may often be poor candidates for HCT. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-CCVD on transplant outcomes.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted between patients with and without pre-CCVD who consecutively received allogeneic or autologous HCT between November 2013 and January 2020 with a matching of age and disease status. The cardiovascular complications and HCT outcomes of the two groups were evaluated and compared. The primary endpoints were post-transplant cardio-cerebrovascular disease (post-CCVD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and the Fine-Gray competing risk regressions for analyses to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs).@*RESULTS@#The outcomes of 23 HCT recipients with pre-CCVD were compared with those of 107 patients in the control group. No significant differences were noted in terms of engraftment, overall survival (OS) (67.00% vs. 67.90%, P = 0.983), or relapse (29.78% vs. 28.26%, P = 0.561) between the pre-CCVD group and the control group. The cumulative incidences of 2-year NRM were similar between patients with pre-CCVD and the controls (14.68% vs. 17.08%, P = 0.670). However, pre-CCVD was associated with an increased incidence of post-CCVD (HR: 12.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.88-40.30, P < 0.001), which was an independent risk factor for increased NRM (HR: 10.29, 95% CI: 3.84-27.62, P < 0.001) and inferior OS (HR: 10.29, 95% CI: 3.84-27.62, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings suggest that the existence of pre-CCVD before transplantation might not result in increased mortality directly but superpose the toxicity of the transplantation procedure, leading to a risk of post-CCVD. Post-CCVD was a powerful predictor for high NRM and inferior OS. Further risk stratification of pre-CCVD is needed to reduce NRM in various transplantation settings.

Resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through the HIF-1α/NOX4/ROS signaling pathway / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of resveratrol on hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the underlying mechanism. Primary rat PASMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro and pretreated with different concentrations of resveratrol (10, 20, and 40 µmol/L) or the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor VAS2870 (10 µmol/L) for 0.5 h. The cells were then cultured under normoxia (21% O

Research Progress on Human Age Estimation Based on DNA Methylation / 法医学杂志

In forensic science practice, age is an important individual information, and one of the indicators to be considered first to depict features of the suspect. Recently, DNA methylation has become a research hotspot in age estimation because of its hig accuracy and stability. New progress has been made in specificity of DNA methylation sites, age estimation in multiple tissues, DNA methylation age estimation of minors, sensitivity of age estimation, forensic practical applications, etc. At the same time, several studies also established more accurate statistical modeling methods, eliminated differences between different detection platforms, found appropriate number of sites in models and analyzed the influence of environment and diseases. This review summarizes these to provide references.

Research Progress on Forensic Genetics of Facial Morphological Depiction / 法医学杂志

Forensic DNA phenotyping （FDP） analysis uses DNA from biological samples left in crime scenes to predict individual phenotypic traits, such as geographical origin of ethnic group, height, weight, skin color, hair color and shape, iris color, male baldness, facial morphology, age, etc., thereby providing clues for case investigations. Among these traits, features of facial morphology are relatively more complicated. This paper makes an overall analysis of the measurement and collection of facial morphology, research on facial morphology related genes, forensic application and establishment of facial morphology depiction model, ethical issues, etc., then summarizes the latest research progress on features of facial morphology.

Drug resistance analysis and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome SCCmec genotypes of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the drug resistance situation and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) genotypes of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (M RSA ) strains isolated from Shang-hai Putuo District People′s Hospital in order to provide a theoretical basis for predicting the trend of drug re-sistant bacterial strains and clinical treatment and prevention of MRSA .Methods Three hundreds and eighty clinically isolated MRSA strains in this hospital were collected from January 2012 to December 2016 .The in vitro drug susceptibility test was performed by adopting the broth microdilution method .The SCCmec geno-types were examined by adopting the multiplex polymerase chain reaction .Results All strains were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin ,the sensitivity rate was 100 .0％ ;the resistance rates to rifampicin and cotrimox-azole were lower ,which were 5 .0％ and 7 .6％ respectively ;but the strains were highly resistant to erythromy-cin ,levofloxacin and tetracycline ,with the resistance rate of 100 .0％ ,94 .2％ ,93 .4％ and 90 .0％ .The resist-ance rate to penicillin was 100 .0％ .Among 380 strains of MRSA ,there were 281 strains(73 .9％ ) of SCCmecⅡ ,59 strains (15 .5％ ) of SCCmecⅢand 5 strains (1 .3％ ) of SCCmecⅣa ,other 35 strains(9 .2％ ) of MRSA could not be classified .Conclusion M RSA strains isolated in the Shanghai Putuo District People′s Hospital are mainly the type SCCmecⅡ ,w hich has the multi-drug resistant characteristics ,and the drug resistance spec-trum of different SCCmec genotypes is different .

The hepatoprotective effect of Aesculus hippocastanum seed extract against concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury in mice via inhibition of ROS and JNK pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Aesculus hippocastanum seed extract(AH) on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury in mice,and to ex-plore whether the mechanism was related to the inhibi-tory effect of AH on oxidative stress and c-Jun N-termi-nal kinase (JNK). Methods ConA(20 mg·kg-1) was administered via tail vein injecting to induce he-patic damage in mice. The groups of AH were given at 12.5,25,50 mg·kg-1by oral gavage separately for 20 days. The serum levels of AST,ALT,TP,and Alb were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer and the A/G ratio was calculated. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were assayed by ELISA. The liver tissue was attained by HE and the histopathological changes were calculat-ed. The MDA, SOD, GSH contents of liver tissues were assayed by related kits. The activity of caspase-3 was detected by spectrophotometry. The expressions of cytochrome C and Bax, Bcl-2, p-JNK and p-Akt were detected by Western blot. Results The serum levels of ALT, AST, IFN-γ and TNF-α in AH groups were significantly lower than those in ConA-injured group, while the levels of TP,Alb and A/G were significantly higher. The SOD and GSH levels of liver tissues signif-icantly increased and MDA level decreased; liver his-topathological changes were consistent with those of the serological indicators, and AH treatment significantly reduced the pathological damage induced by ConA. In AH group,the expression of cytochrome C,caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and p-JNK markedly decreased, while the expression of p-Akt protein increased compared with ConA model group. Conclusion AH could sig-nificantly protect the ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice via inhibition of ROS and JNK pathway.

Curcumin inhibits advanced glycation end products-induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via elevating PPARγ in chondrocyte / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of the protective effect of curcumin on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction whether by elevating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) or not.Methods The ratio of apoptotic cells was assayed by TUNEL;the mitochondrial membrane potential(△Ψm) was evaluated by Rhodamine-123 fluorescence.The ATP content was assayed by related kits.The activity of caspase-3 was detected by spectrophotometry.The expression of cytochrome C,Bax,and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot.The PPARγ expression was determined by Western blot and real-time PCR;in addition,its activity was assayed by DNA-binding method.Results AGEs could induce chondrocyte apoptosis and up-regulate the levels of cytochrome C and caspase-3.Simultaneously,AGEs decreased the levels of △ Ψm and ATP production.Mitochondrial permeability conversion pore inhibitor cyclosporine A could significantly protect the cells from apoptosis.In addition,both PPARγ specific agonist pioglitazone and curcumin significantly inhibited AGEs-induced chondrocytes apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.However,pretreatment with PPARγ specific inhibitor GW9662 (10 μ mol · L-1) could significantly antagonize the protective effect of curcumin on mitochondrial damage induced by AGEs.Curcumin could also significantly increase PPARγtranscriptional activity induced by AGEs,together with a significant induction of PPARγprotein and mRNA expression.Conclusion Curcumin could effectively protect AGEs-induced chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating PPARγ,thus protecting chondrocytes from apoptosis.

Clinical study of early endoscopic therapy for severe acute pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of peritoneal lavage and dialysis by flexible endoscope in patients with early phase severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH)/abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Methods 32 patients with early phase SAP complicated with IAH/ACS were received peritoneal lavage and dialysis by flexible endoscope in base of routine treatment. The release time of peritoneal irritation sign, the duration of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAP), bowel sound, APACHE-II scores and prognosis of the patients were evaluated. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum, also, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and amylase in ascites/peritoneal lavage fluid were measured. Results 30 patients were all cured after treatment, with an average hospital stay of (16.53 ± 5.30) d, and, 2 patients underwent surgical treatment. The difference between before and after treatment was significance in peritoneal irritation sign scores, bowel sound, IAP and APACHE-II scores of the patients (P < 0.05). The levels of testing items in serum and ascites/peritoneal lavage fluid were decreased significantly during peritoneal lavage and dialysis. Conclusion Continuous peritoneal lavage and dialysis by flexible endoscope is a safe and effective method for patients with SAP complicated with IAH/ACS, especially in the early stage of disease.

Preparation and biocompatibility of polyethylene glycol hydrogels auto-recruiting transforming growth factor beta1 / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bioactive molecules or polypeptides grafted onto the surface of polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels can improve PEG bioactivities.OBJECTIVE:To manufacture PEG hydrogels capable of auto-recruiting growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and to study its biocompatibility. METHODS:Pure PEG hydrogels (group A), PEG hydrogels grafted on a cell adhesion peptide RGD peptides (group B), PEG hydrogels grafted with auto-recruited TGF-β1 peptide sensitive polypeptide HSNGLPL (group C), PEG hydrogels grafted with both RGD and HSNGLPL polypeptides (group D) were prepared. Contract angle of the hydrogel was detected in each group. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto four kinds of hydrogels. After cells attached, scanning electron microscope and LIVE/DEAD staining were done to observe cell-hydrogel compounds. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with ordinary culture medium (control) or four kinds of hydrogels for 1, 3, 5, 7 days, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay. The four kinds of hydrogels were put into 24-well culture plates with addition of PBS containing TGF-β1, and 1 hour later, immunofluorescence staining was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The contact angles of groups A and C were larger than those of groups B and D. (2) Under the scanning electron microscope, groups A and C had little cells attached on the hydrogel surface, but there were many cells on the hydrogel surface in groups B and D. (3) LIVE/DEAD staining showed groups A and C had little living cells, and conversely groups B and D had many living cells. (4) The results of cell counting kit-8 demonstrated that as the incubation time went on, cell proliferation activity of five different groups increased with no difference at the same time point. (5) Findings from the immunofluorescence staining showed that groups A and B had very weak fluorescence, while groups C and D had stronger green fluorescence. In conclusion, PEG hydrogels grafted with RGD and HSNGLPL polypeptides can auto-recruit TGF-β1, and have good biocompatibility.

Efficacy and safety of continuous regional arterial infusion to treat patients with severe acute pancreatitis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods One hundred SAP patients (including 41 gallstone,26 alcoholism,13 hypertriglyceridemia,11 after heavy meals,and 9 unknown) who were admitted into our hospital from January 2013 to October 2017 were assigned to the CRAI group (n =58) and the control group (n =42).The levels of laboratory measurements,hospitalization time and costs,complications and outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results On the sixth and tenth day of treatment,the levels of white blood cell,hemodiastase,urine amylase,blood glucose,blood calcium and APACHE-Ⅱ score improved in both the 2 groups.The degrees of improvement in the CRAI group were better than that in the control group.The abdominal pain relief time [(3.3± 1.2)d vs.(5.9±2.3)d],hemodiastase recovery time [(7.9±1.8)d vs.(13.3±2.5)d],and hospitalization stay [(21.3±3.6)d vs.(32.4±4.3)d] were shorter in the CRAI group.The costs were similar in the two groups.Retroperitoneal infection,pancreatic pseudocyst,and pancreatic drainage were less in the CRAI group.The improved and cure rates were 94.8％ and 70.7％ in the CRAI group,which were higher than those in the control group (71.4％ and 47.6％,respectively).Moreover,the ineffective treatment and mortality rates were 5.2％ and 1.7％ in the CRAI group,which were lower than those in the control group (28.6％ and 14.3％,respectively).Conclusions CRAI was an efficacious and safe treatment for patients with SAP.It can be used as an alternative to other effective treatments.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Xinyi Biyan Pills Combined with Budesonide in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Its Effects on Related Inflammatory Factors / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy of Xinyi biyan pills combined with budilaide in the treatment of aller-gic rhinitis and its effects on related inflammatory factors. METHODS:A total od 120 patients with allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 60 cases in each group. Control group was treated with Budesonide nasal spray,spraying once each nostril(64 μg/spray),2 times a day. Observation group was additionally treated with Xinyi biyan pills 3 g,3 times a day. Treatment course lasted for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed and compared. The changes of total score of clinical symptoms and signs were observed before and after treatment. The contents of IgE and LTE4 were deter-mined,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Three patients of observation group and 4 patients of control group fell of the study. Total response rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group,with statistical signifi-cance (84.21% vs. 73.21%,P0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,total score of clinical symptoms and signs,IgE and LTE4 levels in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and the observation group was signifi-cantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLU-SIONS:Xinyi biyan pills combined with budesonide show good therapeutic efficacy for allergic rhinitis,improve clinical symp-toms and signs significantly and reduce inflammatory factors levels with good safety.

Simultaneous Determination of Five Components in Compound Paracetamol Vitamin C Yinqiao Tablets by HPLC-DAD / 中国药师

Objective: To simultaneously detect five components (phillyrin, chlorogenic acid, chlorpheniramine maleate, vitamin C and acetaminophen) in compound paracetamol vitamin C Yinqiao tablets.Methods: Using a Waters Xselect C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase consisted of acetonitril-0.1 mol·L-1 NaH2PO4(pH 3.0) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the column temperature was 35℃.Results: The linear range of vitamin C, acetaminophen, chlorogenic acid, chlorphenamine maleate and phillyrin was 0.500-200.200, 0.499-199.600, 0.501-200.100, 0.502-200.900 and 0.488-195.400 μg·ml-1(r＞0.999), respectively.The average recovery was 99.3%(RSD=1.5%), 97.8%(RSD=1.7%), 98.5%(RSD=1.1%), 97.1%(RSD=1.7%)and 99.8%(RSD=1.2%)(n=9), respectively.Conclusion: The simple and sensitive method can be applied in the quality control of compound paracetamol vitamin C Yinqiao tablets.

Clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Dongguan / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Dongguan.Methods CRE isolated from hospitalized patients in 22 secondary and above medical institutions which participated in bacterial monitoring in Dongguan between January 2015 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed,antimicrobial resistance was analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 71 CRE isolates were detected,with a isolation rate of 0.34％ (71/20 713).53 strains(74.65％) of CRE were isolated from patients aged 15-60 years old;46 (64.79 ％) were from male patients;CRE were mainly isolated from patients in intensive care unit(36 strains,50.70 ％);the main specimen was sputum(34 strains,47.89 ％),followed by urine (11 strians,15.49 ％) and wound secretion(6 strains,8.45 ％);the main infection type was healthcare associated infection (64 strains,90.14 ％);CRE were mainly distributed in tertiary hospitals(56 strains,78.87 ％),the isolation rate of CRE in tertiary and secondary hospitals were 0.41 ％(56/13 677)and 0.21％(15/7 036) respectively.71 strains of CRE were all resistant to imipenem,resistance rate to meropenem was 81.12％,only amikacin and tobramycin had drug resistance rates of ＜40％ (21.38％ and 38.79％ respectively),resistance rate to trime thoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 48.23 ％,while resistance rates to fluoroquinolones,third-generation cephalosporins,and enzyme inhibitors were all＞60.Conclusion The isolation rate of CRE in Dongguan is lower than that of the whole nation and the other provinces,effective prevention and control measures should be taken according to the key population and departments that isolated CRE,antimicrobial use should be rational.

A novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drug CP-25 alleviated collagen induced arthritis by down-regulating BAFF-NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigated the regulatory effect of paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) on B cell activating factor (BAFF)/BAFF receptor-nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in B cell of collagen induced-arthritis (CIA) mice. METHODS Mice CIA was induced by injection of typeⅡcollagen (CⅡ). The arthritis index (AI) and swollen joint count (SJC) were assessed, and histopathology of spleen and joints were observed. The percentage of B cells subsets, BAFF receptor expressions were analyzed by flow cytometry. BAFF and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were measured by protein antibody array. The expressions of TRAF2, MKK3, MKK6, p-P38, and p-NF-κB65 in NF-κB signaling mediated by BAFF were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS CP-25 decreased AI and SJC, restored abnormal weights, reduced thymus index and spleen index, inhibited T/B cells proliferation, alleviated the histopathology of spleen and joints in CIA mice. CP-25 also reduced high levels of serum BAFF and immunoglobulin, decreased CD19+B cells, CD19+CD27+B cells, and CD19-CD27+CD138+ plasma cells, inhibited BAFFR and TACI expressions, decreased the expressions of TRAF2, MKK3, MKK6, p-P38, and p-NF-κB65. Compared with biological agents etanercept and rituximab, CP-25 restored high T cells proliferation and percentages of B subsets to normal level, and recovered the high levels of IgA, IgD, IgG1, IgG2a and high expressions molecules in NF- κB signaling to normal levels. The action intensity of rituximab and etanercept was more strong than CP- 25. The inhibitor effects of rituximab and etanercept on AI and SJC, thymus index, proliferation of T cells and B cells subsets were strong, and down-regulated the indexes to under normal levels. CONCLUSION CP-25 might be a promising anti- inflammatory immune and regulation drug, which alleviated CIA and regulated the functions of B cells through BAFF/BAFF receptor-NF-κB signaling.